Do you know if there is a compressed format on the CPU side where one can still address single pixels ?
Edit: wow, JXL claims 30% better lossless compression than PNG, impressive. Also for 16bit gray scale ? Will risk an eye. There's an implementation here https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl, but it isn't in the Debian repositories yet.
Editedit: It's also rather fat, an allrounder, compared to PNG. But then again, if you want to store a lot of data and have a chance for 30% less demand on space for storage and traffic ...