alovaros When you try to "launch your game" from VS, what really happens is it launches the Godot editor lobby (project selector), and then when you choose the project, it spawns a new Godot process with your game. But the VS debugger is attached to the lobby process, not your game process.
Try specifying the path to your game's project file on the cmd line (in VS debug properties).
godot.exe --path <path_to_folder_with_project>
(Caveat: I haven't tried the above)