I downloaded the file and tried to import it in to Godot 3.1.1 on Windows, and it also crashes on my end. I opened the Godot editor in Windows Powershell and found the following errors are printed:
! OpenGL ES 3.0 Renderer: GeForce GTX 660 Ti/PCIe/SSE2
! ERROR: set_name: Condition ' name == "" ' is true.
! At: scene/main/node.cpp:930
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=0 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=1 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=2 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=3 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=4 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=5 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=6 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=7 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=8 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=9 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=10 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=11 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=12 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=13 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=14 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=15 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=16 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=17 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=18 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=19 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=20 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: add_bone: Condition ' p_name == "" || p_name.find(":") != -1 || p_name.find("/") != -1 ' is true.
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:354
! ERROR: set_bone_rest: Index p_bone=21 out of size (bones.size()=0)
! At: scene/3d/skeleton.cpp:467
! ERROR: get: FATAL: Index p_index=-1 out of size (size()=26)
! At: ./core/cowdata.h:151
Looking at the output, it seems to be something with the name of the bones in the GTLF file. Maybe try changing the bone names (and maybe the mesh name) and export again and see if that fixes it?
If that doesn't do anything, then I'd open a GitHub issue, since other GTFL importers don't have an issue with the file, it is probably something Godot related.
(Side note: Welcome to the forums!)