Looking at the documentation for the Button node, I am not sure how the editor is setting the font. Apparently according to the theme properties, you can access the font simply through font, but I think you need to get the theme to do that, which would make the code: theme.font.size = 130.
Looking at the documentation for Control, there are functions called has_font_override and add_font_override that both look promising, but I have no idea how to use either function and the documentation doesn't say.
Maybe code like this would work? I haven't tested it, but maybe?
extends Button
export (Font) var button_font
# Other code here!
func on_b_M_pressed():
# Other code here!
button_font.size = 130
user_memory_items[-1][0].add_font_override("font", button_font)
But I'm just guessing at how the add_font_override function works.
I am also curious to know if there is a way to access the custom font field like in the editor, as I thought this was already exposed to GDScript through a property.