I think the Web export has had problems with MacOS for a long time. I remember not being able to run Godot web games on my macbook, but that was a while back.
https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/export/exporting_for_web.html
If I interpret the documents, it has had issues with multi-threated exports, but should work better if exported single-threaded instead. Stated from the docks:
The single-threaded export works very well on macOS and iOS too, where it always had compatibility issues with multiple threads exports.
So what happens if you export using single thread instead?
Here's also a list of known web export bugs. Maybe there's something there that could be related to you?