Tested it on Debian and works fine. Installed packages for MSbuild is mono-xbuild (version 4.6.2.7).
Curiously I have no packages regarding NuGet installed but it seems to work generally. As far as I understand, NuGet is a package manager and maybe Godot will throw an error, if I try to create some executables (just guessing).
But there are packages for NuGet on Debian (and therefore as well on Ubuntu): Executable == nuget and the library == libnuget-core-cil.