You can place all of the GUI elements (including text) into a Viewport and then use the ViewportTexture on a quad in a MeshInstance. That's how I made 3D GUI for the VR tutorial on the Godot documentation. The code for the 3D gui is not explained in the tutorial, but it should be fairly straight forward.
Looking at the pictures above, I'd guess they were rendered in a 3D creation suite like Blender and not a game engine like Godot. You can probably achieve something close to the first image with a few Viewport nodes, but the second image would be much harder to make in Godot as there are a lot of complicated details and textures.